The invention relates to a machine, in particular a machine tool, for deep-rolling axles (5) for wheelsets of railway vehicles, having two lathe centres (16) for receiving an axle (5) at each of their two ends, having a device for driving the axle (20, 22), having two pairs of deep-rolling tools, which can be moved in the directions x, y and z of the machine tool in order to work on the stubs of the axle (5), and having bracing and advancing devices for the deep-rolling tool. The problem solved is that of creating such a machine tool by means of which the axles (5) of wheelsets for railway vehicles can be deep-rolled prior to the wheel discs being pressed on. The problem is solved by the deep-rolling tools consisting of more than two pairs of deep-rolling rollers (14, 15, 23, 25, 24, 26), of which each pair is provided for deep-rolling a certain length portion (axial zone 1 and 2, 3 or 4) of the axle (5).