The invention discloses a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis system and a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process of a high-temperature high-pressure slurry bed reactor. The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis system comprises at least one high-temperature high-pressure slurry bed reactor, at least one gas-liquid separating unit and at least one solid-liquid separating unit, wherein high-temperature high-pressure Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction is carried out on gas-liquid-solid three-phase reactant flow in the reactor under the action of the catalyst; the high temperature is 260 DEG C to 290 DEG C; the high pressure is 6 MPa-12MPa; at least one gas-liquid separating unit is used for separating the gaseous reaction product and/or the steam into a condensable liquid product and an un-condensable gas product; and at least one solid-liquid separating unit is used for separating the solid catalyst from the formed liquid Tropsch wax. The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis system disclosed by the invention has the advantages of being small in equipment dimension, high in reaction speed and high in quality in byproduct steam.