The invention relates to an extrusion device of a single-screw continuous extruded activated carbon filtering element. The extrusion device comprises a cylinder (1), a screw rod (2), a hopper (3), a heating device (4),a shaping core shaft (6), a shaping sleeve (7) and an air cooling device (8), wherein a shunting disc (5) with through holes (11) is arranged between the screw rod (2) and the shaping core shaft (6); the shunting disc (5) is fixed at the connection end of the cylinder (1) and the shaping sleeve (7); one side of the shunting disc (5) is fixedly connected with the shaping core shaft (6); the other side of the shunting disc (5) is separated from the screw rod (2); a material performs rotational motion in a cylinder flowing channel (10); and the material performs rectilinear motion in a shaping flowing channel (12). As the rotational motion of the mixed material is converted into rectilinear motion by the shunting disc, the spiral joining trace which is normal in the conventional extruded filtering element is effectively eliminated, and the mechanical strength and the filtration property of the filtering element are ensured.