The invention provides a smart distribution grid energy conservation and emission reduction comprehensive evaluating method based on social expectation. The method includes: determining social expectation of a smart distribution grid; defining boundary conditions; building a smart distribution grid energy conservation and emission reduction comprehensive evaluating index model; comprehensively evaluating smart distribution grid energy conservation and emission reduction; and analyzing and judging evaluation results. Power user, national and social expectation to smart distribution grid construction is taken into account fully, and power user power supply quality, low carbon of smart power grid and harmony development of smart distribution grid and society are aimed at. The smart distribution grid energy conservation and emission reduction comprehensive evaluating method is comprehensive in single index and complete in system, economical and social influences brought by the smart distribution grid to the society can be effectively measured, comprehensive evaluation is realized, and basis is provided for optimizing planning and operation of the smart distribution grid.