The invention provides a regeneration and reactivation method of a coal liquefied oil hydrogenation deactivated catalyst, which comprises the following steps: a) preparing an impregnating solution from a silicon-containing additive and deionized water, or from deionized water and an organic alcohol mixture in proportion, wherein the silicon-containing additive component in the impregnating solution accounts for 0.04-0.5 wt% of the total weight of the prepared solution; b) mixing the impregnating solution prepared in step a) with the regenerated hydrogenation catalyst, impregnating the regenerated hydrogenation catalyst at a first predetermined temperature and pressure for first predetermined time, wherein the silicon-containing additive component in the impregnating solution, when converted into the Si content, accounts for 0.03-0.5 wt% of the regenerated hydrogenation catalyst to be reactivated; c) drying the hydrogenation catalyst impregnated in step b) at a second predetermined temperature and pressure for second predetermined time, optionally, continuing drying at a third predetermined temperature and pressure for third predetermined time; d) roasting the impregnated hydrogenation catalyst dried in step c) at a fourth predetermined temperature for fourth predetermined time to obtain the reactivated hydrogenation catalyst.