A device for replacing a power distribution insulation conducting wire is characterized by comprising a base, a supporting frame, a hydraulic cylinder, a brake device, a conducting wire shaft, a reducer and an internal combustion engine; the supporting frame is installed on the base, the hydraulic cylinder is installed on the supporting frame, the supporting frame is connected with the conducting wire shaft through a bearing bush, the brake device is installed on two sides of the conducting wire shaft, and the internal combustion engine is connected with the conducting wire shaft through the reducer. The device has the advantage that the principle structure is simple, the device has a good brake function and a good non-return function, the conducting wire can be withdrawn after being unfolded, the blind growth problem of the conducting wire caused by difficulty in controlling of the unfolding length and different paying-off forms can be effectively solved, the effective application length of a novel conducting wire can be increased, the conducting wire connector can be maximally reduced, simplicity in operation, firmness and duration can be realized, and the stability is good.