The invention discloses a tension anchoring system of a pre-stressed wire reinforcing column and a construction method. The tension anchoring system comprises a tension wire, an anchoring device and a tension device, wherein the anchoring device comprises an anchoring steel plate, a fixing end extrusion anchor, a tension end part extrusion anchor and a tension end force applying extrusion anchor; the tension device comprises a fixing end clamp, a tension end clamp and a jack; the tension wire surrounds a column to be reinforced for one circle; the fixing end of the tension wire is fixed on one side of the anchoring steel plate through the fixing end extrusion anchor; the fixing end clamp is fixed on the tension wire on the other side of the anchoring steel plate in a clamping manner; the fixing end clamp props against the anchoring steel plate; the tension end is fixed on the other side of the anchoring steel plate through the tension end part extrusion anchor; the tension end force applying extrusion anchor and the tension end clamp are sequentially arranged from the end part to the interior at the tension end on the tension wire; and the tension end clamp is connected with the fixing end clamp through the jack. Circular pressure is exerted to the column in a lossless mode, so that the properties of the column are improved.