The invention discloses an efficient simulation device for partial discharge modes under various faults in a high-voltage switch cabinet. The efficient simulation device mainly comprises an insulation casing, a switch, a partial discharge mode generator, a high-speed power amplification unit, an impulse transmitting antenna and a chargeable battery, wherein the chargeable battery is connected with an external charger through a socket fixed on the insulation casing. The efficient simulation device for the partial discharge modes under the various faults in the high-voltage switch cabinet can simulate an electrical impulse signal generated by partial discharge and an impulse sequence signal corresponding to partial discharge modes of hole, surface, corona and the like, improve examination and evaluation methods of current various geoelectric wave measuring instruments and fill the blank in the aspects of generation of partial discharge signals and identification of defect modes. The casing can resist high voltage, and the total weight of the device is smaller than 500 g, so that the device has the characteristics of convenience in carrying and safety, and the device is particularly suitable for a power enterprise to develop work of a partial discharge study of the high-voltage switch cabinet, examination of a commercial testing instrument, training of worker skills, and the like.