A double-pole extending type hydraulic lifting and moving device for blowout preventers comprises a moving device, a cylinder barrel is hinged below the moving device, a partition board is arranged inside the cylinder barrel to divide the cylinder barrel into an oil cylinder I and an oil cylinder II which are symmetrical to each other, a moving pulley group I is fixed on the end portion of a piston rod I of the oil cylinder I, a moving pulley group II is fixed on the end portion of a piston rod II of the oil cylinder II, a fixed pulley group I and a fixed pulley group II are fixed on the cylinder barrel, one end of a steel wire rope is fixed on the cylinder barrel, and the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with a lifting device in a perpendicularly downward mode after encircling the moving pulley group I, the moving pulley group II, the fixed pulley group I and the fixed pulley group II sequentially. The double-pole extending type hydraulic lifting and moving device is applicable to lifting and moving of the large blowout preventers of petroleum drilling machines, and by the aid of the device, the large blowout preventers can be lifted and moved from the outsides of bases of the drilling machines to wellhead positions or from the wellhead positions to the outsides of the bases of the drilling machines. Oil cylinder strokes are short, the working stability is high, and the requirements of lifting and moving of the blowout preventers heavier than 100 tons can be completely met.