According to the invention, when a workpiece 8 is subjected to deterioration anti-corrosion or heat treatment, the workpiece 8 is placed on a bottom surface low thermal insulation layer 1 and a bottom surface high thermal insulation layer 2; then a cover-type high thermal insulation layer 3, a cover-type middle thermal insulation layer 4 and a cover-type lower thermal insulation layer 5 which can be overlapped are used to cover a support element of the workpiece 8 or/and a heating treatment device 6 and a treatment device 7; a treatment and temperature control probe 9 collects the temperature data of the covered and heated workpiece 8, and the temperature data are transmitted to a treatment and temperature control console 10; the treatment and temperature control console 10 controls the heating treatment device 6 to heat and treat the workpiece 8 and controls the treatment device 7 to input liquids, gases, particles and the like to the environment of the workpiece 8, and the workpiece 8 is subjected to deterioration anti-corrosion or heat treatment, and a protective membrane is generated, and the heat treatment operation also can be carried out, so that according to the invention, the workpiece 8 is subjected to deterioration anti-corrosion or heat treatment, the tissue and performances of the workpiece 8 are also improved or changed; the rigidity, intensity and durability of the workpiece 8 are improved or changed indirectly; the service life is prolonged.