An ecological slope protection structure of a seedbed is characterized by comprising a rock slope, wherein anchor rods are arranged on the rock slope surface slantly upwards to form a rung structure, and bamboo rafts are laid between upper anchor rods and lower anchor rods to form a step-slope seedbed base. According to the ecological slope protection structure, the specially produced anchor rods are taken as the framework to form the rung structure, the light bamboo rafts are taken as the seedbed base, a multi-layer rung slope seedbed is built for planting shrub-grass vegetation and shrubs, building of the rung step-slope solid seedbed ecological slope protection structure on steep rock slopes even vertical retaining walls is achieved, the micro-jet and drip irrigation technology is adopted for sprinkling irrigation, the structure is stable, the construction is convenient, growth and breeding of the shrub-grass vegetation are guaranteed, and the ecological slope protection structure has heat radiation and heat insulation and anti-ultraviolet efficacies, a good ecological effect and strong durability.