The invention discloses a micro-drive system and a clamping system comprising the micro-drive system. The micro-drive system is based on a shape memory effect and is driven by two shape memory alloy rods which are mutually perpendicular, a first shape memory alloy rod is electrified and contracts to push a drive piston to move forwards through a transmission rod assembly, a second shape memory alloy rod is electrified and contracts to drive the drive piston to reset, and at the same time, the two shape memory alloy rods can respectively serve as a drawing power source of each other to produce plastic deformation. The clamping system comprises the micro-drive system and an internal reflux area differential stroke amplifying device, due to the fact that a reflux hole is formed in an output piston, the differential effect is achieved, the effective acting area of the output piston is made to be only the cross sectional area of a piston rod, and therefore the amplification coefficient is improved on the basis of reduction of the size of the stroke amplifying device. Compared with a traditional drive clamping device, the clamping system is small in size, simple in structure, good in controllability, fewer in energy conversion steps, high in utilization rate of energy, free of pollution, and capable of protecting environment.