The invention discloses a transformer evaporating and cooling experiment system which comprises an oil tank, a heating element, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a condenser, a first oil pipeline, a second oil pipeline, a first condensing liquid pipeline, a second condensing pipeline, a first piezometer, a second piezometer, an oil valve, a first flowmeter, a second flowmeter, a first thermometer, a second thermometer and an oil pump. The oil tank is full of transformer oil, the heating element is soaked in the transformer oil, the first oil pipeline and the second oil pipeline are communicated with the oil tank and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger respectively, and the first condensing liquid pipeline and the second condensing liquid pipeline are communicated with the condenser and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger respectively. The transformer evaporating and cooling experiment system is low in cost, many influence factors are reduced, operating states of experiments can be conveniently changed, and necessary experiment requirements can be met.