A non-burning tobacco smoking device based on microwave heating is characterized by comprising a metal outer shell and a tobacco sample heating unit arranged in the center of the metal outer shell, an airstream channel is reserved between the metal outer shell and the tobacco sample heating unit, a battery, a microwave heater and a ceramic tobacco sample cup are sequentially arranged on the tobacco sample heating unit from front to rear, through holes communicated with the airstream channel are evenly distributed in the side wall of the ceramic tobacco sample cup, and a filter tip part is connected to the front end of the metal outer shell. When the non-burning tobacco smoking device based on microwave heating is used, tobacco is placed into the tobacco sample cup, a microwave generator is started, and therefore tobacco samples are heated, after the microwave heating is completed, volatile matter generated by the tobacco samples enters the oral cavity through the airstream channel and the filter tip, and a smoker can feel satisfied. The non-burning tobacco smoking device based on microwave heating has the greatest advantages of saving energy, and being fast in heating temperature rising, free of pollution, high in thermal efficiency, and not only fit for the smoking consumption custom of people, but also capable of avoiding generation of open fire in the tobacco burning process and reducing harm of 'second hand smoke', and the non-burning tobacco smoking device based on microwave heating has potential market competitiveness.