The invention provides a concrete structure durability detection method after construction completion, and a construction control method for ensuring the durability of a concrete structure according with a detection standard. A parameter K is used by the above two methods and equals to Kr/Kd, wherein Kr equals to H<2>r/Dr (Hr represents the real value of the thickness of a structure rebar protection layer and Dr represents the real value of the structure chloride ion diffusion coefficient); and Kd equals to H<2>d/Dd (Hd represents the designed vale of the thickness of a structure rebar protection layer, and Dd represents the designed value of the structure chloride ion diffusion coefficient). The K value reasonably reflects the durability level of the reinforced concrete structure, and allows an operating unit to find out the low-durability member of the structure to provide a guidance for the daily maintenance; and the designed parameter of the durability of the structure can be adjusted by a designing unit under a present construction control level in order to improve the endurance qualification rate of the entity structure.