The invention relates to an electronic seal lock comprising a lock body and a lock rope. Two ends of the lock rope are respectively connected on the lock body. Optical fiber is provided in the lock rope, and the lock rope is protected by external metal net. The lock body comprises an LED light source and a sensor. Light signals delivered by the LED light source are delivered to the sensor through the optical fiber in the lock rope. The lock body also comprises a single-chip microcomputer, a memory, a GPS module, and a wireless communication module. The single-chip microcomputer controls the LED light source to emit light, and receives signals transmitted by the sensor. The memory, the GPS module, and the wireless communication module are respectively connected with the single-chip microcomputer. An electronic sealing and inspection system adopting the electronic seal lock comprises a monitoring center for monitoring system status, the electronic seal lock used for locking a container, a barrier reader used for recording a container status, and a handheld seal applying device used for encrypting the electronic seal lock. With the lock and the system provided by the invention, the transportation process of cargo can be monitored in real time, lock unlocking time and place can be recorded, and cargo temperature and humidity information can be recorded.