The invention provides a monitoring system for potential safety hazard in methane gas exhausting and mining. The system comprises a detection module, a processing module, a switching value I/O (input/output) module, a methane gas exhausting and mining pump, and a methane gas exhausting and mining pipeline valve; the detection module detects the space under test to acquire a detection signal; the processing module adopts wavelet analysis algorithm to perform noise suppression on the detection signal to acquire detection data, and then compares the detection data and the set potential safety hazard parameter standard value to generate an identification result; the switching value I/O module generates a control signal according to the identification result; the methane gas exhausting and mining pump and/or the methane gas exhausting and mining pipeline valve maintain or stops the operation according to the control signal. The monitoring system for potential safety hazard in methane gas exhausting and mining, provided by the invention, adopts wavelet analysis algorithm to perform noise suppression on the detection signal, so as to increase control safety for methane gas exhausting and mining, and effectively prevent the methane gas accident.