The invention discloses a two-axis turntable based levelness and orientation adjusting mechanism, which comprises a fixed anchor component and two adjustable anchor components, wherein the fixed anchor component comprises a fixed seat plate (1), a fixed anchor (2) and a rotary block (3); each adjustable anchor component comprises an adjusting base plate (5), an adjustable anchor (6), a slide block (7) and a micro-adjustment mechanism (4); the fixed anchor component is positioned at the center of one side of a two-axis turntable frame (100), and the two adjustable anchor components at two ends of the other side of the two-axis turntable frame (100); each micro-adjustment mechanism (4) is composed of a micro-adjustment base plate (41) and a micro-adjustment bolt (42), with the latter, the orientation angle of the two-axis turntable is adjusted; with the fixed anchor (2) and the adjustable anchors (6), the levelness of the two-axis turntable is adjusted. The adjusting mechanism can adjust the orientation angle and levelness of the two-axis turntable accurately.