The invention relates to a NOT operational character supported characteristic-based CP-ABE method having CCA security. An access control structure is an access control tree; a NOT node is added in the access control tree; and k is equal to -1. Meanwhile, according to regulation, a father node of the NOT node must be an ''AND'' node and only one intermediate node is hung under the NOT node; and thus the intermediate node is used as a root node to set a strategy tree and the strategy tree expresses a related strategy, set by an encryption party, of a NOT attribute. A high one-time signature technology is added to further enhance a security level of the method from a CPA security level to a CCA security level. Strategy expression based on an attribute encryption algorithm is enriched; security of the existing method is enhanced, thereby building the high access controlling capability; and moreover, the method has an encryption method with a provable security.