The invention discloses a sensor data positioning method and device. The method comprises obtaining an index table comprising a mapping relation between block identification of a sensor data storage block and characteristic attributes of sensor data; responding to query aiming at the sensor data during operation, intercepting the query and extracting characteristic parameters in a query condition; positioning the matched block identification of the sensor data storage block in the index table by means of the characteristic parameters to load a block indicated by the positioned block identification into memory space of a work processor in order to replay to the query.