The invention discloses a state detection and protection method for a circuit breaker opening and closing coil. The invention provides a state detection and protection system for a circuit breaker opening and closing coil, deduces a coil equivalent heating formula through theoretical calculation and coil opening and closing material analysis, and achieves the purpose of protecting the coil by cutting off the electrified loop before the coil reaches a heat melting point through the calculation of heat productivity. IGBT power electronic components are easy to damage after long-term operation, the service life of an IGBT is prolonged by combining with a relay, and the purpose of performing reliable operation and cutting off a loop reliably can be achieved; a theoretical basis is provided for the circuit breaker maintenance; the safe reliability of the circuit breaker opening and closing coil is improved; the safe operation capability of a transformer substation can be effectively improved, the field maintenance workload can be effectively reduced, and the economic benefit is remarkable; and the state detection and protection method guarantees the safe and economical operation of the transformer substation system, and improves the power supply reliability of the transformer substation.