In order to effectively solve the problems of acid wastewater pollution and gallic acid recovery during the production of gallic acid, the invention provides a method for recovering gallic acid and hydrochloric acid through adopting a reverse osmosis membrane technology, which includes the following steps: filtering an acid mother solution including gallic acid and hydrochloric acid in a manner of untrafiltration and nanofiltration; separating gallic acid with hydrochloric acid in the acid mother solution at a certain temperature and under a certain pressure through adopting the reverse osmosis membrane technology, so as to obtain a concentrated solution mainly containing gallic acid and penetrating fluid mainly including hydrochloric acid; performing cooling crystallization and centrifugation to the concentrated solution to obtain the gallic acid, wherein hydrochloric acid penetrating fluid can be recycled after negative pressure concentration. According to the invention, the reverse osmosis membrane technology is adopted to concentrate and separate gallic acid in acid wastewater and recover and reuse hydrochloric acid during the production of gallic acid, most importantly, gallic acid with high added value can be recovered and obtained, and finally pollution-free and green production is realized; the method has the remarkable characteristics of short processing time, low energy consumption, environmental protection and the like, has excellent economic and social benefits.