The invention discloses a cleaning water recycling and filtering device and equipment. The device comprises at least one first suction pump for recycling cleaning water, a water tank for subsiding cleaning water, a filter module for filtering cleaning water and a first shifting pump for conveying cleaning water from the water tank to the filter module, wherein the filter module comprises a primary filter connected with the first shifting pump and at least two shunt-wound secondary filters connected in series with the primary filter; a first pipeline and a second pipeline are connected in parallel between the water outlet of the first shifting pump and the water inlet of the secondary filter, the primary filter is arranged on the first pipeline, a second electronic control valve is arranged on the first pipeline and at the water inlet of the primary filter, and a non-return valve and/or a third electronic control valve are/is arranged at the water outlet of the primary filter; a first electronic control valve is arranged on the second pipeline; a fourth electronic control valve is respectively arranged in the shunt-wound pipelines where the water inlets of the secondary filters are positioned. Through the invention, different filter schemes can be chosen as required.