The invention discloses a dry method selective solid material separation device, and belongs to the technical field of material gravity separation methods. An outlet in the bottom of a fluidization separation bed of the separation device is connected with a high-density material storage bin through a conveying pipeline. An outlet in the top of the fluidization separation bed of the separation device is connected with a low-density material storage bin through an upper portion air channel. An air conveying main pipe connected with an air blower is provided with air conveying branch pipes. One air conveying branch pipe is connected with an outlet pipeline of a feeding device through an air connecting box. The other air conveying branch pipes are respectively connected with an air bellow at the bottom of the fluidization separation bed. According to the dry method selective solid material separation device, a physical method is applied to separation of solid mixed materials, the form of water-soluble substances in the materials can not be damaged, intrinsic physicochemical properties of the materials can be kept, the separated materials can be further utilized, secondary pollution is avoided in the whole separation process, and the dry method selective solid material separation device has the best environmental-friendly effect. Meanwhile, the dry method selective solid material separation device is simple in structure, easy and convenient to operate and manage, free of adding other separation media, low in cost, and applicable to the separation of a majority of materials with different densities.