The invention discloses a self-service combustion control method of a sectional type fire grate garbage incinerator. A control device needed by the self-service combustion control method comprises a feeding fire grate; the tail end of the feeding fire grate is sequentially provided with a drying section fire grate, a combustion end fire grate and a burn-out end fire grate in parallel; a primary air fan is connected with the drying section fire grate, the combustion end fire grate and the burn-out end fire grate by a primary air flow meter. The control method comprises the steps of: (1) establishing a garbage calorific value judgment model; (2) establishing a controller for controlling different garbage calorific value types; (3) converting the primary air quantity and the garbage feeding quantity according to the set target steam flow rate and the measured oxygen content at an outlet of a boiler; (4) calculating by proportion integration differentiation (PID) according to the strategy built by the controller; (5) formulating the operation strategy of an auxiliary burner in the whole cycle of operation. The self-service combustion control method aims at the defects of the existing garbage incineration control technology, can adapt to the garbage calorific value change in real time, overcomes the defects on the control of the original auxiliary burner, and avoids the generation of dioxin.