The invention discloses an aerial dynamic large-scale vegetation coverage acquisition system which consists of an unmanned plane platform, a GPS (global positioning system) receiver, an automatic navigator, an aerial photography fixing device, a digital aerial photographic camera, a wireless digital image transmission system, a navigation controller, notebook computer hardware and two pieces of software, namely an aerial photography task flying management and control system and a dynamic vegetation coverage acquisition system, wherein the digital aerial photographic camera is arranged on the aerial photography fixing device of the unmanned plane platform; the aerial photography fixing device, the GPS receiver, the automatic navigator and the wireless digital image transmission system are arranged on the unmanned plane platform; the two pieces of software are arranged in a notebook computer; an unmanned plane flies with the assistance of the automatic navigator; the flying and the landing of the unmanned plane are guided and adjusted through the navigation controller; a user observes images shot by the digital aerial photographic camera and captures images through the wireless digital image transmission system and the dynamic vegetation coverage acquisition system, and then vegetation coverage information can be overall and directly calculated.