The invention discloses an electric power line running state and risk assessment method which is based on a risk area graph outside a power supply zone, takes the parameters of an electric power line body material as analysis objects. By using the method, under the influence of various external environments, the fault risks possibly occurring in an electric power line are analyzed, and advices and schemes for improving operation are provided based on an analysis result. The method has the following advantages: (1), the various fault risks of the line are determined so that guidance can be provided for operation maintenance and reconstruction work; (2), the method is suitable for overhead distribution lines and power transmission lines with various voltage grades; and (3), technical support is provided for the risk assessment of typical faults, which are carried out by power supply departments.