The invention relates to an operation dispatching method of a PV-diesel-energy storage power supply system. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of determining the system load and defining real-time power data of the load; determining optional power supply units and carrying out statistics on the operation states, at the previous moment, of all the units; determining the operation target of the system to form a target function; determining the constraint condition of the system to form a system constraint equality; carrying out optimized dispatching calculation of the system by means of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, determining the optimized dispatching scheme of the system, defining the starting and stopping states of the units, and then achieving dispatching control of the PV-diesel-energy storage power supply system. The operation dispatching method of the PV-diesel-energy storage power supply system aims to achieve high reliability, high operation economical efficiency and environmental friendliness of the power supply system and achieves optimized dispatching of the complex power supply system containing multiple distributed power supplies through multivariate analysis by means of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the dispatching method is more scientific and reasonable, power generation cost of the system can be effectively controlled, power supply reliability of the system can be improved, and the energy discarding amount of the system can be decreased.