The invention discloses an output transient protection circuit for a photovoltaic inverter, relates to the technical field of safe running of photovoltaic power generation equipment and aims to solve the problem of damage of inverter elements due to sudden increase in loop current in case of temporary impact or short-circuit failures occurring on the load side of a photovoltaic power generation system. The output transient protection circuit for the photovoltaic inverter disclosed by the invention comprises a breaking bidirectional controllable silicon electronic switch T1, a transient current suppression bridge circuit and a by-pass switch K. the output transient protection circuit for the photovoltaic inverter is connected in series between the inverter and a load, and a direct-current inductor in the transient current suppression bridge circuit is used for limiting the rising change rate of primary short-circuit current when the system fails, so that the inverter is prevented from being damaged by transient current impact, sufficient response time is provided for a control system to control a breaking electronic switch to isolate failures, and a main circuit of the inverter can be well protected; moreover, during normal running of the system, an alternating-current loop is not influenced. According to the output transient protection circuit, safe running of the photovoltaic power generation equipment is guaranteed.