A hybrid energy storage system power distribution method based on states of charge includes the following steps that an energy storing device which is long in cycle life and capable of achieving large-current deep charge and discharge is set to be a first energy storing device D1, an energy storing device which is short in cycle life and the cycle life of the energy storing device is affected by large-current deep charge and discharge is set to be a second energy storing device D2, the second energy storing device D2 provides compensation power for the first energy storing device D1 according to the states of charge of the first energy storing device D1 to enable the states of charge to be in a reasonable level. According to the hybrid energy storage system power distribution method, capacity of the first energy storing device D1 is utilized to convert seriously-changing power fluctuation into stably-changing fluctuation of the states of charge, therefore, the intensity of power instruction fluctuation of the second energy storing device D2 can be reduced, and the service life of the second energy storing device D2 can be prolonged.