The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine compound for treating blood diseases such as aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia, and the like. The compound comprises the following raw materials: radix codonopsis, radix astragali, dried radix rehmanniae, radix rehmanniae preparata, deerhorn glue, donkey-hide gelatin, Chinese yam, bighead atractylodes rhizome, poria cocos, psoralea corylifolia, sharpleaf galangal fruit, semen cuscutae, ligustrum lucidum, wolfberry, white peony root, fleece-flower root, malt, Chinese angelica, red sage root, peach seed, red peony root, hairyvein agrimony, lotus rhizome node, villous amomum fruit, fried semen ziziphi jujubae, esliptae herba, fructus forsythiae, and cortex moutan. The compound is prepared by following steps: mixing the raw materials mentioned above according to a certain weight ratio, grinding the raw materials, then sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, packaging the powder, and making into powder preparation. The medicine compatibility of the compound is reasonable, the preparation is simple, it has been testified through experiments and clinical tests that the compound has a prominent curative effect and no toxic or side effect, and is an ideal drug for improving the immunity and marrow hematopoietic function.