Provided is a right-angled-Z-shaped aerial butt-joint construction method of multi-layer H-shaped steel columns. The right-angled-Z-shaped aerial butt-joint construction method of the multi-layer H-shaped steel columns replaces an original welding technology through a ground jig frame. The right-angled-Z-shaped aerial butt-joint construction method of the multi-layer H-shaped steel columns comprises the steps that (1) after a first H-shaped steel column is hoisted in place, and elevation and locating measurement are accomplished, the H-shaped steel column is immediately fixed through foundation bolts; (2) secondary grouting is carried out, hoisting of a second H-shaped steel column is carried out after the strength of concrete reaches 80%, and hoisting operation and welding operation of the second H-shaped steel column are carried out through a 50T crane after pedals, safety ropes and safety fences are installed; (3) after hoisting operation and welding operation are accomplished, aerial butt-joint of the next H-shaped steel column can be accomplished through the right-angled-Z-shaped aerial butt-joint construction method of the multi-layer H-shaped steel columns. When the right-angled-Z-shaped aerial butt-joint construction method of the multi-layer H-shaped steel columns is used for carrying out butt-joint construction on the two H-shaped steel columns, the complex technological process of ground jig frame welding is greatly simplified, crane machine-team expenses and labor cost can be reduced by more than 35%, the construction progress is improved by 45%, the requirements of the design and the standard are met, and the purpose of reducing cost and the purpose of shortening the construction period are achieved.