The invention relates to an atmosphere fine particulate matter pollution management method and system based on a smart power grid for a central city. In order to solve a city haze problem, an electrostatic precipitation device is arranged on an urban area green land of the central city; the electrostatic precipitation device is provided with a super-capacitor electric storage power supply device for obtaining off-peak electricity from the smart power grid; the electrostatic precipitation device is arranged at the center of the green land; a plurality of circles of two or more types of green vegetations which are distributed at intervals are planted at the periphery of the electrostatic precipitation device on the green land. The electrostatic precipitation device is provided with a dust particle collection groove; the dust particle collection groove is located above the highest point of the green land; the green land is provided with a spraying device which is synchronously started when the dust particle collection groove discharges dust; the spraying range of the spraying device covers the highest point of the green land and adjacent regions. According to the atmosphere fine particulate matter pollution management method and system, off-peak electricity surplus advantages of the power grid can be utilized sufficiently; new domestic demands of non-pollution electrical energy are expanded and a large output of environmental benefits is obtained at less manpower and electrical energy investment; the operation cost is low and a precipitation effect is good, not only can discharged byproduct ozone be digested by the surrounding vegetations but also discharged dust particles can be used for nourishing the surrounding vegetations on spot, so that the maintenance cost is less, the implementation is convenient, and the city haze weather can be managed effectively.