The invention relates to a based on activation of persulfate and oxidation with ultrasonic waves. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, casting persulfate to a wastewater-containing reaction container, and after mixing and dissolving, placing in an ultrasonic wave generating device; and then, starting ultrasonic waves and fully reacting to obtain purified wastewater. The method provided by the invention is free from complex equipment, low in energy consumption, can be used for a long time, and is simple and convenient to operate, safe, clean and free from secondary pollution. The method is applicable to treatment of wastewater formed by different hydrophilic/hydrophobic pollutants with various pH values, so that the removal effect of the pollutants is improved by 20-92%. The method is good in durability, high in efficiency, environment-friendly and easy to operate, and has a huge application potential in the field of environmental water pollution control.