The invention provides a structured entry device and method of a medical record document. The structured entry device of the medical record document comprises a relevance setting unit, a project matching unit, a message obtaining unit and a message display unit, wherein the relevance setting unit is used for relating diagnosis and treatment projects, at least one diagnosis and treatment message and corresponding message element sets; the project matching unit obtains messages entered by a user and looks over whether matched diagnosis and treatment projects exist or not; the message obtaining unit obtains the corresponding diagnosis and treatment messages and the message element sets if the matched diagnosis and treatment projects exist; the message display unit is used for displaying the diagnosis and treatment messages and the corresponding message element sets on a form of the corresponding diagnosis and treatment projects, and entering the obtained form into the medical record document. The invention further provides the structured entry method of the medical record document. By means of the technical scheme, the process of the medical record document can accord with the natural language habit, a relatively stable format is provided when template inputting is conducted, displaying and searching are facilitated, and the inputting speed of the medical record document is improved.