A lathe control system is used for machining a workpiece provided with the 3D curved surface and comprises an input module, a control module, a turning tool and a workbench, wherein the control module is electrically connected with the input module. The lathe control system further comprises a feeding module, a first sliding module, a second sliding module and a rotary driving module which are respectively connected with the control module electrically. The turning tool is connected with the feeding module, the first sliding module is used for driving the feeding module to slide in the first direction, the second sliding module is used for driving the feeding module to slide in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the rotary driving module is used for driving the workbench to rotate so as to drive the workpiece to rotate, and the feeding module can drive the turning tool to perform reciprocating motion in the third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction. The lathe control system can machine the 3D curved surface with high surface smoothness.