The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a three-dimensional graphene-based tin dioxide composite material. The three-dimensional graphene-based metal oxide nano-composite material with a three-dimensional ordered macroporous structure is prepared by adopting two-dimensional graphene with a single-layer carbon atom structure as a carrier, taking polyvinyl alcohol as a cross-linking agent, and adopting a freeze-drying method. Metal oxide nano-particles obtained through the method are uniformly loaded onto a three-dimensional graphene framework. Electrochemical testing proves that the graphene-based metal oxide composite material with the three-dimensional ordered macroporous structure, which is obtained by the preparation method disclosed by the invention, has excellent cyclic stability and rate performance, and experiments prove that the discharge capacity of the material can achieve 1688mAh/g under the charge-discharge current of 200mA/g.