Disclosed in the invention is a composite ablation-resistant plate structure comprising a substrate and a plurality of insulated sleeves. A plurality of sleeving holes are arranged in the substrate; and the insulated sleeve is fixedly installed in the sleeving holes. The substrate is formed by using a stainless steel, a copper alloy or heat-resistant steel. And the insulated sleeves that are formed by sintering molding of ceramic powders are fixedly pasted in the sleeving holes of the substrate by high-temperature adhesives or are fixed in the sleeving holes of the substrate after local opening shrinking of the openings of the sleeving holes of the substrate, thereby completing assembling of the composite ablation-resistant plate. According to the invention, the traditional single material-based structure of the ablation-resistant plate is changed into the composite ablation-resistant plate structure with the metal substrate and ceramic insulated sleeves. Therefore, both the flame ablation-resistant performance and the performance of insulation among all the holes of the ablation-resistant plate of the ablation-resistant plate are ensured; the processing difficulty and the cost of the parts are substantially reduced; loss of the parts at links of transfer, storage, transport and assembling and the like can be reduced.