The invention relates to an ultrashort pulse all-fiber laser device. The ultrashort pulse all-fiber laser device comprises a nanosecond pulse direct modulation semiconductor laser device, an optical fiber preamplifier, an optical fiber main amplifier, a pulse selector and an ultrashort pulse output end, wherein the nanosecond pulse direct modulation semiconductor laser device is connected into ultrashort pulse output end sequentially through the optical fiber preamplifier, the optical fiber main amplifier and the pulse selector, and the nanosecond pulse direct modulation semiconductor laser device is connected with the pulse selector. The ultrashort pulse all-fiber laser device is little influenced by temperature fluctuations and is high in power output, and repetition frequency can be adjusted freely.