The invention relates to a message distribution system, in particular to a large-scale data acquisition service multi-group distribution system and a distribution method of the large-scale data acquisition service multi-group distribution system. At present, smooth transition from a data access technology framework of a large-scale service information system to cloud data services can not be achieved. The large-scale data acquisition service multi-group distribution system comprises a gateway cluster including a plurality of gateways, a communication front-end processor cluster including a plurality of communication front-end processors and a service processor cluster including a plurality of service processors. The communication front-end processors are connected with the gateways, the service processors are connected with the communication front-end processors, and the communication front-end processors are used for scheduling and storing uplink messages and downlink messages; the service processor cluster is divided into a plurality of service processor groups, and each communication front-end processor is provided with management units corresponding to the service processor groups in number, wherein the management units are independent from one another, and each management unit comprises a caching module, a message distribution and scheduling module and a link management module. By the adoption of the technical scheme, multi-group distribution and multi-target storage of data are achieved, and distribution efficiency is improved.