The invention provides a method for rapidly identifying resistance of Chinese roses to powdery mildew. Fresh, healthy and complete tender leaves of the Chinese roses serve as infection materials, bagging isolation processing is carried out on the leaves for two weeks, powdery mildew is collected and mixed into spore suspension liquid, then inoculation, dyeing and flaking are carried out on the infection materials, disease observation and disease index statistics are carried out at last, and resistance of the tender leaves of the Chinese roses to the powdery mildew is obtained. Through the method, the resistance situation of the Chinese roses of different genotypes to the powdery mildew can be accurately and rapidly identified, the identification cycle is effectively shortened, operation is simple, and the method can be used for seedling stage rapid resistance identification of crossbreeding offspring seeds of the Chinese roses.