The invention belongs to the field of inorganic material preparation, and particularly relates to a rutile type titanium dioxide micro-nano material and a low-temperature preparation method thereof. A rutile micro-nano material taking one-dimensional nanowires as base structures is prepared by a hydrothermal method. The diameter of each one-dimensional nanowire is 5-10nm, the length of each nanowire is 200-300nm, and the diameter of a microsphere is about 400-600nm. In the preparation process, the adopted raw materials are cheap and easily available, the process is simple and easy to operate, the reaction temperature is low (40-60 DEG C), the experimental safety is good, the conversion rate is high, and industrial production is easy to realize.