A flame-retardant composite fireproof cable is characterized by comprising at least two cable cores, wherein each cable core is composed of twisted copper wire conductors each coated with a mica fireproof layer, an insulating damp-proof layer, an aluminum alloy interlocked armor barrier layer and a flame-retardant layer sequentially from inside to outside; the flame-retardant composite fireproof cable is composed of a cabling wrapping belt, an oxygen isolating layer, a ceramic fireproof layer, an interlocked armoring layer and a flame-retardant outer protective layer all of which are sequentially coated outside each cable core from the inside to the outside, and a flame-retardant filling material filled between the cable cores and the cabling wrapping belt.