The invention discloses a cold accumulation type refrigerated transporting system and a refrigerating method. The cold accumulation type refrigerated transporting system comprises a cold plate, a refrigerating medium coil pipe is arranged inside the cold plate, the side end of the cold plate is provided with a refrigerating medium inlet and a refrigerating medium outlet, one end of the refrigerating medium coil pipe is connected with the refrigerating medium inlet, and the other end of the refrigerating medium coil pipe is connected with the refrigerating medium outlet; an external connected coil pipe is arranged outside the cold plate, one end of the external connected coil pipe and the refrigerating medium inlet of the cold plate are connected to a first three-way valve, the other end of the external connected coil pipe and the refrigerating medium outlet of the cold plate are connected to a second three-way valve, and a circulating pump is arranged between the second three-way valve and the external connected coil pipe. Due to the fact that the side end of the cold plate is provided with the refrigerating medium inlet and the refrigerating medium outlet, and the refrigerating medium coil pipe is arranged inside the cold plate, heat exchanging can be carried out better in the process of refrigerating agent injecting. The refrigerating medium circulates inside the cold plate through the inlet and the outlet in the process of refrigerating agent injecting, and the temperature of a cold accumulation agent in the cold plate is reduced. Three-way valve positions are changed into a chilling mode after refrigerating agent injecting is finished, and the refrigerating medium is driven by the circulating pump to circulate through the external connected coil pipe.