The invention relates to an optical fiber sensing system for monitoring the slope landslide condition in real time. A friction pile is arranged on a slope. The bottom of the friction pile extends into bed rock at the bottom of the slope. The optical fiber sensing system comprises a fiber bragg grating sensing network, a site monitoring room, a central monitoring center and a remote client side. An FBG strain sensor and an FBG temperature sensor are poured on the friction pile. The sensors are connected to a fiber bragg grating network analyzer in the site monitoring room through monitoring optical cables respectively. The fiber bragg grating network analyzer, a monitoring computer and an alarm are arranged in the site monitoring room, wherein the fiber bragg grating network analyzer is connected with the monitoring computer and the alarm is connected with the fiber bragg grating network analyzer. The central monitoring center is arranged in an office, wherein one end of the central monitoring center is connected with the fiber bragg grating network analyzer, and the other end of the central monitoring center is connected to the remote client side through the Internet. By the adoption of the optical fiber sensing technology, the physiological parameters such as the strain and the temperature of the friction pile of the slope can be monitored, and the safety condition of the slope can be effectively monitored in real time.