The invention provides an exoskeleton-type hand function rehabilitation robot, relates to medical instruments applied in injured finger rehabilitation, and aims to solve the problems that according to an existing hand function optimizing and recovering manner, hand rehabilitation is difficult, the rehabilitation period after treatment is long and hand functions are influenced. The exoskeleton-type hand function rehabilitation robot comprises an exoskeleton finger drive mechanism, a self-adaptive dorsal metacarpal adjusting platform and a rear artificial muscle module. The exoskeleton finger drive mechanism comprises an exoskeleton thumb, an exoskeleton index finger, an exoskeleton middle finger, an exoskeleton ring finger and an exoskeleton little finger. Proximal interphalangeal exoskeleton joints are arranged between metacarpophalangeal exoskeleton joints and distal interphalangeal exoskeleton joints, and the proximal interphalangeal exoskeleton, the metacarpophalangeal exoskeleton joints and the distal interphalangeal exoskeleton joints are in slidable connections detachably. The self-adaptive dorsal metacarpal adjusting platform covers the upper surface of the exoskeleton finger drive mechanism, and the self-adaptive dorsal metacarpal adjusting platform and the exoskeleton finger drive mechanism are in slidable connections detachably. The exoskeleton-type hand function rehabilitation robot is applied in injured finger rehabilitation.