Provided is a method of controlling a bidirectional converter to charge and discharge a storage battery. The bidirectional converter adopts a double-loop control method, the inner loop is alternating current loop control, and the outer loop is direct current loop control. The direct current loop control can select direct current voltage outer loop control or direct current outer loop control according to different charging and discharging states of the storage battery; when the storage battery is in a constant current voltage-limiting charging state and a constant current discharging state, the direct current outer loop control and alternating current loop control of the bidirectional converter work simultaneously; when the storage battery is in a constant voltage current-limiting charging state and a floating charging constant-voltage charging state, the direct current voltage outer loop control and alternating current inner loop control of the bidirectional converter work simultaneously; the direct current voltage outer loop control and the direct current outer loop control are switched over smoothly; meanwhile, the bidirectional converter adopts a four-section type intelligent charging control and constant-current discharging control strategy for the storage battery.