The invention discloses a chain type synchronous brick preshaping device, which comprises a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate and an adjusting mechanism, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises a chain, a first chain wheel, a second chain wheel and a motor, the first chain wheel and the second chain wheel are parallelly arranged in the horizontal direction, the motor is in transmission connection with the first chain wheel or the second chain wheel, the chain is wound on the first chain wheel and the second chain wheel in a closed loop way, and is provided with an upper parallel chain section and a lower parallel chain section which extend in the horizontal direction, and the connecting part of the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate is respectively and fixedly arranged on the upper parallel chain section and the lower parallel chain section. The chain type synchronous brick preshaping device has the advantages that a simple chain type closed loop structure is skillfully adopted, and the device is simply driven by the motor, so the synchronous shaping function is realized; compared with the existing technique adopting a hydraulic oil cylinder, by arranging the hydraulic system which is independent from the brick shaping equipment, the structure manufacturing is simple, the construction cost is low, the operation is simple, rapid and convenient, the maintenance is convenient, and the like.