The invention provides a chalcopyrite alkali-smelting pretreatment-low-temperature pressure leaching process. The process comprises the following steps: 1) alkali-smelting pretreatment: adding a certain amount of alkali into chalcopyrite and smelting for certain time at a certain temperature; 2) low-temperature pressure leaching: leaching the pretreated chalcopyrite in a sulfuric acid system at the certain temperature and under a certain pressure and an initial sulfuric acid concentration. As the method is adopted, the problem of low-altitude pollution caused by SO2 is avoided; the process is clean and environment-friendly. After the chalcopyrite is pretreated, although the chalcopyrite is also the main existence form of copper, the crystal lattice structure of the chalcopyrite is changed obviously; the chalcopyrite can be efficiently and directly leached under a low-temperature condition, and the copper leaching rate is improved to 90%. Thus, the difficult problem of leaching passivation of the chalcopyrite is effectively solved.