The invention discloses an underplanting method of traditional Chinese medicinal material radix tetrastigme. By the adoption of a hillside forest and pot culture intercropping planting mode, the method for carrying out underplanting of the traditional Chinese medicinal material radix tetrastigme on a large scale in the natural environment is established through the steps of forest land selection, soil selection, seedling selection, seedling culture, forest management, pest and disease integrated control and harvest. According to the method, abundant forest land resources are utilized to provide fields for forest and medicinal material intercropping, and the purposes of reducing planting cost and obtaining high-quality and high-yield radix tetrastigme tuberous roots are achieved by making full use of growing seasons based on the ecology-imitating planting principle; besides, the planting method is simple and low in cost.